今次,我將之前這份實用的《一目瞭然!!138個常用數學名詞中英日文對照表》進行全新升級!這次不僅包含粵語、英文的對照,更為每個名詞新增了 定義與解釋 (中文與英文對照)。這樣做的目的是讓學習者能夠清晰理解數學名詞的核心概念,並且更容易運用這些知識於實際情境中。
以下是升級版本中部分名詞的示例內容:
- Right-angled triangle 直角三角形 中文定義:一個內角為 90° 的三角形,例如:3, 4, 5 為邊長的三角形是直角三角形。 English Definition: A triangle with one internal angle of 90°, e.g., a triangle with sides 3, 4, and 5 is a right-angled triangle.
- Perpendicular lines 垂直線 中文定義:兩條直線相交並形成直角(90°),例如:牆壁與地板通常互相垂直。 English Definition: Two straight lines that intersect to form a right angle (90°), e.g., walls and floors are typically perpendicular.
這次升級不僅適合數學愛好者,更是學校教學及自學者的強大工具!透過新增的定義與解釋,學習者可以深入理解每個概念背後的意義。例如,知道直角三角形的例子(3, 4, 5)或垂直線的日常應用(牆壁與地板),能夠大大增強記憶與應用能力。
無論你是學習基本的數學操作如加減乘除,還是進階的幾何與代數,這份 138個常用數學名詞對照與定義表 都是不可或缺的學習夥伴。希望這次改進能幫助你更好地理解和運用數學知識!
編號 | 名詞 (中文) | 定義與解釋 (中文) | Definition and Explanation (English) |
1 | Mixed operations 四則 | 包括加法、減法、乘法和除法,並且需按運算規則(括號優先、乘除優先)解決問題。 | Includes addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, solved following order of operations (parentheses first, then multiplication/division). |
2 | Addition 加法 | 將兩個或多個數字或量合併在一起的運算。 | An operation that combines two or more numbers or quantities together. |
3 | Add/plus 加 | 表示加法運算的動作,例如:3 + 2 代表將3和2相加。 | Represents the action of addition, e.g., 3 + 2 means adding 3 and 2. |
4 | Sum 和 | 加法運算的結果,例如:3 + 2 = 5,其中5是和。 | The result of an addition operation, e.g., 3 + 2 = 5, where 5 is the sum. |
5 | Subtraction 減法 | 從一個數字或量中減去另一個數字或量的運算。 | An operation where one number or quantity is taken away from another. |
6 | Subtract/minus 減 | 表示減法運算的動作,例如:5 – 3 代表從5中減去3。 | Represents the action of subtraction, e.g., 5 – 3 means taking 3 away from 5. |
7 | Difference 差 | 減法運算的結果,例如:5 – 3 = 2,其中2是差。 | The result of a subtraction operation, e.g., 5 – 3 = 2, where 2 is the difference. |
8 | Multiplication 乘法 | 重複加法的運算,例如:3 × 2 意味著將3重複相加2次(3 + 3 = 6)。 | An operation that represents repeated addition, e.g., 3 × 2 means adding 3 twice (3 + 3 = 6). |
9 | Multiply/times 乘 | 表示乘法運算的動作,例如:3 × 2 代表將3乘以2。 | Represents the action of multiplication, e.g., 3 × 2 means multiplying 3 by 2. |
10 | Product 積 | 乘法運算的結果,例如:3 × 2 = 6,其中6是積。 | The result of a multiplication operation, e.g., 3 × 2 = 6, where 6 is the product. |
11 | Division 除法 | 將一個數字或量分成若干相等部分的運算。 | An operation that divides a number or quantity into equal parts. |
12 | Divide 除 | 表示除法運算的動作,例如:6 ÷ 2 代表將6平均分成2份。 | Represents the action of division, e.g., 6 ÷ 2 means dividing 6 into 2 equal parts. |
13 | Quotient 商 | 除法運算的結果,例如:6 ÷ 2 = 3,其中3是商。 | The result of a division operation, e.g., 6 ÷ 2 = 3, where 3 is the quotient. |
14 | Value 數值 | 數字或量的表示或大小,例如:數值5代表某物的大小為5。 | The representation or magnitude of a number or quantity, e.g., the value 5 means a size of 5. |
15 | Place value 位值 | 在數字中,每個位上的數字的值,例如:在數字243中,4的位值是40。 | The value of a digit based on its position in a number, e.g., in 243, the place value of 4 is 40. |
16 | Figure 數字/圖形 | 表示數字或者幾何形狀,例如:3是一個數字,三角形是一個幾何圖形。 | Represents a number or a geometric shape, e.g., 3 is a number, and a triangle is a geometric figure. |
17 | Integer 整數 | 包括正數、負數和零的數字,例如:-2, 0, 3 都是整數。 | Whole numbers including positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero, e.g., -2, 0, 3 are integers. |
18 | Whole number 完整數 | 非負整數,例如:0, 1, 2 是完整數。 | Non-negative integers, e.g., 0, 1, 2 are whole numbers. |
19 | Natural number 自然數 | 自然數是從1開始的正整數,例如:1, 2, 3 是自然數。 | Positive integers starting from 1, e.g., 1, 2, 3 are natural numbers. |
20 | Decimal (decimal fraction) 小數 | 表示小於1的數字或包括小數點的數字,例如:0.5, 3.14 是小數。 | A number representing a value less than 1 or including a decimal point, e.g., 0.5, 3.14 are decimals. |
21 | Fraction 分數 | 表示部分或整體的一部分,用形式 a/b 表示,例如:1/2 表示一個整體的二分之一。 | Represents a part or portion of a whole, written as a/b, e.g., 1/2 represents one-half of a whole. |
22 | Odd number 奇數/單數 | 無法被2整除的數字,例如:1, 3, 5 是奇數。 | Numbers that cannot be evenly divided by 2, e.g., 1, 3, 5 are odd numbers. |
23 | Even number 偶數/雙數 | 可以被2整除的數字,例如:2, 4, 6 是偶數。 | Numbers that can be evenly divided by 2, e.g., 2, 4, 6 are even numbers. |
24 | Positive number 正數 | 大於零的數字,例如:1, 2.5 是正數。 | Numbers greater than zero, e.g., 1, 2.5 are positive numbers. |
25 | Negative number 負數 | 小於零的數字,例如:-1, -3.5 是負數。 | Numbers less than zero, e.g., -1, -3.5 are negative numbers. |
26 | Prime number 質數 | 大於1且只有1和自身作為因數的數字,例如:2, 3, 5 是質數。 | Numbers greater than 1 with only 1 and itself as factors, e.g., 2, 3, 5 are prime numbers. |
27 | Composite number 合成數 | 大於1且有超過兩個因數的數字,例如:4, 6, 8 是合成數。 | Numbers greater than 1 with more than two factors, e.g., 4, 6, 8 are composite numbers. |
28 | Factor 因數 | 可以整除某數的數字,例如:6 的因數是 1, 2, 3, 6。 | Numbers that divide another number evenly, e.g., factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3, and 6. |
29 | Common factor 公因數 | 兩個或多個數字共同擁有的因數,例如:12 和 18 的公因數是 1, 2, 3, 6。 | Factors shared by two or more numbers, e.g., common factors of 12 and 18 are 1, 2, 3, and 6. |
30 | Highest common factor (H.C.F.) 最大公因數 | 兩個或多個數字共同擁有的最大的因數,例如:12 和 18 的最大公因數是 6。 | The largest factor shared by two or more numbers, e.g., the H.C.F. of 12 and 18 is 6. |
31 | Prime factor 質因數 | 質數作為一個數的因數,例如:12 的質因數是 2 和 3。 | A factor of a number that is a prime number, e.g., the prime factors of 12 are 2 and 3. |
32 | Multiple 倍數 | 某數的倍數是將該數乘以整數後得到的結果,例如:3 的倍數是 3, 6, 9, 12 等。 | A multiple of a number is the result of multiplying it by an integer, e.g., multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, etc. |
33 | Common multiple 公倍數 | 兩個或多個數的共同倍數,例如:3 和 4 的公倍數是 12, 24 等。 | A multiple that is shared by two or more numbers, e.g., common multiples of 3 and 4 are 12, 24, etc. |
34 | Least common multiple (L.C.M.) 最小公倍數 | 兩個或多個數的最小共同倍數,例如:3 和 4 的最小公倍數是 12。 | The smallest common multiple of two or more numbers, e.g., the L.C.M. of 3 and 4 is 12. |
35 | Index notation 指數記數法 | 使用指數來表示重複相乘,例如:3³ 表示 3 × 3 × 3。 | A method of representing repeated multiplication using indices, e.g., 3³ means 3 × 3 × 3. |
36 | Square root 平方根 | 一個數的平方根是指該數的平方等於給定數,例如:16 的平方根是 4,因為 4² = 16。 | The square root of a number is a value that, when squared, equals the given number, e.g., the square root of 16 is 4 because 4² = 16. |
37 | Cube root 立方根 | 一個數的立方根是指該數的立方等於給定數,例如:27 的立方根是 3,因為 3³ = 27。 | The cube root of a number is a value that, when cubed, equals the given number, e.g., the cube root of 27 is 3 because 3³ = 27. |
38 | Proper fraction 真分數 | 分子小於分母的分數,例如:3/4 是真分數。 | A fraction where the numerator is smaller than the denominator, e.g., 3/4 is a proper fraction. |
39 | Improper fraction 假分數 | 分子大於或等於分母的分數,例如:5/4 和 4/4 是假分數。 | A fraction where the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator, e.g., 5/4 and 4/4 are improper fractions. |
40 | Mixed number 帶分數 | 包含整數部分和分數部分的數,例如:1 1/2 是帶分數。 | A number that includes both a whole number part and a fractional part, e.g., 1 1/2 is a mixed number. |
41 | Simplify 化簡 | 簡化數學式子或數字,例如:將 4/8 化簡為 1/2。 | To reduce a mathematical expression or number, e.g., simplifying 4/8 to 1/2. |
42 | Equal to 等於 | 表示兩個數字或量相等,例如:5 + 3 等於 8。 | Represents that two numbers or quantities are equal, e.g., 5 + 3 equals 8. |
43 | Solve 解答 | 找出問題或方程的答案,例如:解答 x + 2 = 5,得到 x = 3。 | To find the answer to a problem or equation, e.g., solving x + 2 = 5 gives x = 3. |
44 | Ascending order 遞升次序(由小至大) | 按從小到大的順序排列數字,例如:1, 3, 5。 | Arranging numbers in increasing order, e.g., 1, 3, 5. |
45 | Descending order 遞減次序(由大至小) | 按從大到小的順序排列數字,例如:5, 3, 1。 | Arranging numbers in decreasing order, e.g., 5, 3, 1. |
46 | To the lowest term/in the simplest form 約至最簡 | 將分數化簡為最小的形式,例如:6/9 化簡為 2/3。 | To reduce a fraction to its simplest form, e.g., simplifying 6/9 to 2/3. |
47 | Numerator 分子 | 分數中位於分數線上方的數字,表示部分,例如:在 3/4 中,3 是分子。 | The number above the fraction line representing the part, e.g., in 3/4, 3 is the numerator. |
48 | Denominator 分母 | 分數中位於分數線下方的數字,表示整體,例如:在 3/4 中,4 是分母。 | The number below the fraction line representing the whole, e.g., in 3/4, 4 is the denominator. |
49 | Consecutive numbers 連續數 | 連續的數字,例如:1, 2, 3 是連續數。 | Numbers that follow each other in order, e.g., 1, 2, 3 are consecutive numbers. |
50 | Average 平均數 | 將數字總和除以數量,例如:3, 4, 5 的平均數是 (3 + 4 + 5)/3 = 4。 | The total sum of numbers divided by the count, e.g., the average of 3, 4, 5 is (3 + 4 + 5)/3 = 4. |
51 | Correct to three places of decimal 計至小數後三位 | 將數值調整為小數點後三位,例如:3.14159 調整為 3.142。 | Rounding or correcting a number to three decimal places, e.g., 3.14159 is adjusted to 3.142. |
52 | Increase 增加 | 將數值或量提高,例如:5 增加 3 得到 8。 | To raise the value or quantity, e.g., increasing 5 by 3 results in 8. |
53 | Decrease/deduct 減少 | 將數值或量降低,例如:8 減少 3 得到 5。 | To lower the value or quantity, e.g., decreasing 8 by 3 results in 5. |
54 | Left 剩餘 | 剩下的數值或量,例如:10 個蘋果中吃掉 3 個後剩下 7 個。 | The remaining value or quantity, e.g., 7 apples are left after eating 3 out of 10. |
55 | Total 總和 | 數字或量的總合,例如:3, 4 和 5 的總和是 12。 | The sum of numbers or quantities, e.g., the total of 3, 4, and 5 is 12. |
56 | Altogether 合共 | 所有項目總和,例如:小明有 5 元,小花有 7 元,合共是 12 元。 | The combined sum of all items, e.g., if Xiao Ming has 5 dollars and Xiao Hua has 7 dollars, altogether they have 12 dollars. |
57 | Share 分給 | 將某物分配給他人,例如:將 12 塊蛋糕分給 4 人,每人分得 3 塊。 | To distribute something among others, e.g., sharing 12 cakes among 4 people gives each person 3 cakes. |
58 | Equally share 平均分配 | 將某物平均分給所有人,例如:將 15 元平均分配給 3 人,每人得 5 元。 | To divide something equally among all, e.g., equally sharing 15 dollars among 3 people gives each person 5 dollars. |
59 | Remainder 餘數 | 除法中剩餘的部分,例如:7 ÷ 3 = 2 餘 1,其中 1 是餘數。 | The leftover part in division, e.g., 7 ÷ 3 = 2 remainder 1, where 1 is the remainder. |
60 | Change 找贖 | 購物中找回的餘款,例如:用 10 元買 7 元的商品,找贖 3 元。 | The amount of money returned after a purchase, e.g., if you pay 10 dollars for a 7-dollar item, the change is 3 dollars. |
61 | Equation 方程式 | 包含未知數和等號的數學式子,例如:x + 2 = 5 是一個方程式。 | A mathematical statement containing an unknown and an equals sign, e.g., x + 2 = 5 is an equation. |
62 | Proportion 比例 | 表示兩個數字或量之間的關係,例如:2:3 和 4:6 是比例,因為它們等比。 | Represents the relationship between two numbers or quantities, e.g., 2:3 and 4:6 form a proportion as they are equivalent ratios. |
63 | Direct proportion 正比例 | 兩數值成正比時,一個數值增加,另一個數值也以相同比例增加,例如:距離和時間在固定速度下成正比例。 | When two values increase in the same ratio, e.g., distance and time are in direct proportion at constant speed. |
64 | Arc 弧 | 圓的一部分,例如:圓的弧是圓周的一段線段。 | A part of the circumference of a circle, e.g., an arc is a segment of the circle’s edge. |
65 | Data 數據 | 數字或事實的集合,通常用於分析或解決問題,例如:測量溫度的數據。 | A collection of numbers or facts, often used for analysis or problem-solving, e.g., temperature measurements. |
66 | Divisor 除數 | 除法中用來分割另一個數的數,例如:12 ÷ 4 中,4 是除數。 | The number by which another number is divided in division, e.g., in 12 ÷ 4, 4 is the divisor. |
67 | Dividend 被除數 | 除法中被分割的數,例如:12 ÷ 4 中,12 是被除數。 | The number being divided in division, e.g., in 12 ÷ 4, 12 is the dividend. |
68 | Algebra 代數 | 包括變數和方程式的數學分支,例如:x + y = 10 是代數的一部分。 | A branch of mathematics involving variables and equations, e.g., x + y = 10 is part of algebra. |
69 | Compass 圓規 | 一種繪圖工具,用於畫圓或弧,例如:使用圓規畫直徑為 5cm 的圓。 | A drawing tool used for creating circles or arcs, e.g., using a compass to draw a circle with a diameter of 5cm. |
70 | Protractor 量角器 | 用於測量或繪製角度的工具,例如:量角器可測量直角 (90°)。 | A tool used for measuring or drawing angles, e.g., a protractor can measure a right angle (90°). |
71 | Set-square 三角尺 | 用於畫直角、等腰三角形或特定角度的工具,例如:45°或30°角。 | A tool used for drawing right angles, isosceles triangles, or specific angles, e.g., 45° or 30°. |
72 | Symbol 符號 | 表示數學運算或概念的標誌,例如:+ 表示加法,= 表示等於。 | A mark representing a mathematical operation or concept, e.g., + for addition, = for equality. |
73 | Area 面積 | 平面圖形的大小,例如:矩形的面積為長乘以寬 (長 × 闊)。 | The size of a flat shape, e.g., the area of a rectangle is length × width. |
74 | Perimeter 周界 | 圍繞平面圖形的邊長總和,例如:正方形的周界為邊長的 4 倍。 | The total length of the edges of a flat shape, e.g., the perimeter of a square is 4 times the side length. |
75 | Length 長 | 物體或圖形的長度,例如:矩形的一邊較長的部分稱為長。 | The measure of the longer side of an object or figure, e.g., the longer side of a rectangle is referred to as its length. |
76 | Width/breadth 闊 | 物體或圖形的寬度,例如:矩形的一邊較短的部分稱為闊。 | The measure of the shorter side of an object or figure, e.g., the shorter side of a rectangle is referred to as its width. |
77 | Height 高 | 垂直方向上的度量,例如:三角形的高度從頂點垂直到底邊的距離。 | The measure in the vertical direction, e.g., the height of a triangle is the distance from its apex perpendicular to its base. |
78 | Upper base 上底 | 梯形上方的底邊,例如:梯形的上底與下底平行但較短。 | The upper parallel side of a trapezium, e.g., the upper base is shorter than the lower base. |
79 | Lower base 下底 | 梯形下方的底邊,例如:梯形的下底與上底平行但較長。 | The lower parallel side of a trapezium, e.g., the lower base is longer than the upper base. |
80 | Volume 體積 | 立體圖形所佔的空間,例如:長方體的體積為長 × 闊 × 高。 | The amount of space occupied by a 3D shape, e.g., the volume of a rectangular prism is length × width × height. |
81 | Total surface area 總表面積 | 立體物件所有表面面積的總和,例如:長方體的總表面積公式為 2 × (長 × 闊 + 長 × 高 + 闊 × 高)。 | The sum of all the surface areas of a 3D object, e.g., for a cuboid, the total surface area formula is 2 × (length × width + length × height + width × height). |
82 | Cube 立方體 | 六個面均為正方形且相等的立體形狀,例如:骰子是一個立方體。 | A 3D shape with six equal square faces, e.g., a dice is a cube. |
83 | Cuboid 長方體 | 六個面均為矩形的立體形狀,例如:紙盒是長方體。 | A 3D shape where all six faces are rectangles, e.g., a box is a cuboid. |
84 | Altitude 高 | 三角形或立體形狀中從頂點垂直到底部或底邊的距離,例如:從三角形的頂點垂直到底邊的長度是高度。 | The perpendicular distance from the top to the base of a triangle or 3D shape, e.g., the length from a triangle’s vertex to its base is the altitude. |
85 | Circle 圓 | 所有點到圓心距離相等的平面封閉圖形,例如:硬幣的形狀是圓形。 | A flat, closed shape where all points are equidistant from the center, e.g., the shape of a coin is a circle. |
86 | Semi-circle 半圓 | 圓的一半,例如:將圓形沿直徑一分為二得到兩個半圓。 | Half of a circle, e.g., dividing a circle along its diameter creates two semi-circles. |
87 | Radius 半徑 | 從圓心到圓周的距離,例如:半徑為 5cm 的圓表示圓心到圓周的距離是 5cm。 | The distance from the center of a circle to any point on its circumference, e.g., a circle with a radius of 5 cm has a center-to-edge distance of 5 cm. |
88 | Diameter 直徑 | 通過圓心連接兩點的線段,其長度是半徑的兩倍,例如:半徑為 5cm 的圓直徑是 10cm。 | A line segment passing through the center of a circle connecting two points on its circumference, its length is twice the radius, e.g., a circle with a radius of 5 cm has a diameter of 10 cm. |
89 | Circumference 圓周 | 圓的周界長度,例如:圓周公式為 2 × π × 半徑。 | The perimeter or boundary length of a circle, e.g., the circumference formula is 2 × π × radius. |
90 | Centre 圓心 | 圓的中心點,所有點到圓心的距離相等。 | The central point of a circle where all points on the circumference are equidistant. |
91 | Rectangle 長方形 | 四邊形的一種,對邊相等且每個內角都是 90°,例如:書本封面多為長方形。 | A quadrilateral with opposite sides equal and each internal angle being 90°, e.g., a book cover is often rectangular. |
92 | Square 正方形 | 四邊形的一種,所有四邊相等,且每個內角都是 90°,例如:棋盤格子是正方形。 | A quadrilateral with all four sides equal and each internal angle being 90°, e.g., chessboard squares are squares. |
93 | Triangle 三角形 | 有三條邊和三個角的平面形狀,例如:屋頂的框架結構通常是三角形。 | A plane shape with three sides and three angles, e.g., the framework of a roof is often triangular. |
94 | Parallelogram 平行四邊形 | 四邊形的一種,對邊平行且相等,例如:平行四邊形的面積公式是底邊 × 高。 | A quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel and equal, e.g., the area of a parallelogram is base × height. |
95 | Trapezium 梯形 | 只有一組對邊平行的四邊形,例如:梯形的面積公式為 (上底 + 下底) × 高 ÷ 2。 | A quadrilateral with only one pair of parallel sides, e.g., the area of a trapezium is (upper base + lower base) × height ÷ 2. |
96 | Rhombus 菱形 | 四邊形的一種,所有四邊相等,且對角線互相垂直,例如:風箏的形狀通常是菱形。 | A quadrilateral with all sides equal and diagonals perpendicular to each other, e.g., a kite’s shape is often rhombus-like. |
97 | Quadrilateral 四邊形 | 有四條邊的平面形狀,種類包括長方形、正方形等,例如:教室的黑板是四邊形。 | A plane shape with four sides, including types like rectangle and square, e.g., a classroom board is quadrilateral in shape. |
98 | Pentagon 五邊形 | 有五條邊和五個角的平面形狀,例如:五角大樓的建築平面是五邊形。 | A plane shape with five sides and five angles, e.g., the Pentagon building’s layout is pentagonal. |
99 | Hexagon 六邊形 | 有六條邊和六個角的平面形狀,例如:蜂巢的結構是六邊形。 | A plane shape with six sides and six angles, e.g., the structure of a honeycomb is hexagonal. |
100 | Polygon 多邊形 | 有三條或以上邊的平面形狀,例如:三角形、四邊形、五邊形等都是多邊形。 | A plane shape with three or more sides, e.g., triangles, quadrilaterals, and pentagons are all polygons. |
101 | Straight line 直線 | 沒有彎曲的線段,兩端可以無限延伸,例如:兩點之間最短的距離是直線。 | A line segment with no curves that can extend infinitely in both directions, e.g., the shortest distance between two points is a straight line. |
102 | Curves 曲線 | 不直的連續線條,例如:圓周或波浪形線條都是曲線。 | Continuous lines that are not straight, e.g., the circumference of a circle or wavy lines are curves. |
103 | Parallel lines 平行線 | 永不相交且保持固定距離的兩條直線,例如:鐵路軌道是平行線。 | Two straight lines that never intersect and maintain a constant distance, e.g., railway tracks are parallel lines. |
104 | Intersecting lines 相交線 | 交於一點的兩條直線,例如:十字路口的兩條道路相交。 | Two straight lines that meet at a point, e.g., two roads intersecting at a crossroads. |
105 | Perpendicular lines 垂直線 | 兩條直線相交並形成直角(90°),例如:牆壁與地板通常互相垂直。 | Two straight lines that intersect to form a right angle (90°), e.g., walls and floors are typically perpendicular. |
106 | Diagonal 對角線 | 連接多邊形內兩個不相鄰頂點的線段,例如:正方形內的對角線將其分為兩個三角形。 | A line segment that connects two non-adjacent vertices of a polygon, e.g., the diagonal of a square divides it into two triangles. |
107 | Angle 角 | 由兩條相交線形成的平面圖形,例如:一個標準的直角是 90°。 | A plane figure formed by two intersecting lines, e.g., a standard right angle is 90°. |
108 | Opposite angle 對角 | 由兩條相交線形成的相對角度,例如:相交直線形成的對角相等。 | Angles that are opposite to each other formed by two intersecting lines, e.g., opposite angles formed by intersecting lines are equal. |
109 | Right angle 直角 | 90° 的角,例如:正方形的每個內角都是直角。 | An angle of 90°, e.g., every internal angle of a square is a right angle. |
110 | Acute angle 銳角 | 小於 90° 的角,例如:30° 是一個銳角。 | An angle that is less than 90°, e.g., 30° is an acute angle. |
111 | Obtuse angle 鈍角 | 大於 90° 但小於 180° 的角,例如:120° 是一個鈍角。 | An angle greater than 90° but less than 180°, e.g., 120° is an obtuse angle. |
112 | Reflex angle 反角 | 大於 180° 但小於 360° 的角,例如:210° 是一個反角。 | An angle greater than 180° but less than 360°, e.g., 210° is a reflex angle. |
113 | Vertex 頂角(角之頂點) | 角的頂點是兩條線相交的點,例如:三角形的每個頂角都是一個頂點。 | The point where two lines meet to form an angle, e.g., each corner of a triangle is a vertex. |
114 | Construction 作圖 | 使用工具如尺和圓規繪製幾何圖形,例如:作圖可以畫出正三角形或平行四邊形。 | The process of drawing geometric shapes using tools like rulers and compasses, e.g., constructing an equilateral triangle or a parallelogram. |
115 | Irregular figure 不規則圖形 | 不符合標準形狀的圖形,例如:不規則多邊形其邊長和角度各不相同。 | A shape that does not conform to standard forms, e.g., an irregular polygon with different side lengths and angles. |
116 | Right-angled triangle 直角三角形 | 一個內角為 90° 的三角形,例如:3, 4, 5 為邊長的三角形是直角三角形。 | A triangle with one internal angle of 90°, e.g., a triangle with sides 3, 4, and 5 is a right-angled triangle. |
117 | Isosceles triangle 等腰三角形 | 至少有兩條邊相等的三角形,例如:兩邊長為 5cm 的三角形是等腰三角形。 | A triangle with at least two equal sides, e.g., a triangle with two sides of 5 cm is an isosceles triangle. |
118 | Equilateral triangle 等邊三角形 | 三條邊長相等且內角均為 60° 的三角形,例如:正三角形是等邊三角形的一種。 | A triangle with all three sides equal and each internal angle being 60°, e.g., an equilateral triangle is a specific type of triangle. |
119 | Geometry 幾何學 | 研究形狀、大小、位置和比例的數學分支,例如:圓和三角形是幾何學的基本圖形。 | The branch of mathematics dealing with shapes, sizes, positions, and proportions, e.g., circles and triangles are basic figures in geometry. |
120 | Percentage 百分率 | 表示一個數是另一個數的百分比,例如:50% 表示一半。 | A way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100, e.g., 50% represents half. |
121 | Discount 折扣 | 商品或服務價格的減免,例如:原價 100 元的商品有 20% 折扣,折後價格為 80 元。 | A reduction in the price of a product or service, e.g., an item priced at 100 dollars with a 20% discount costs 80 dollars after the discount. |
122 | Gain 賺 | 購買和銷售價格之間的正差額,例如:以 80 元買進,以 100 元賣出,則賺 20 元。 | The positive difference between buying and selling prices, e.g., buying for 80 dollars and selling for 100 dollars results in a gain of 20 dollars. |
123 | Loss 賠 | 購買和銷售價格之間的負差額,例如:以 100 元買進,以 80 元賣出,則賠 20 元。 | The negative difference between buying and selling prices, e.g., buying for 100 dollars and selling for 80 dollars results in a loss of 20 dollars. |
124 | Cost price 成本 | 購買或製造商品的成本,例如:生產一件商品所需的成本是 50 元。 | The price at which an item is bought or manufactured, e.g., the cost price of producing an item is 50 dollars. |
125 | Selling price 售價 | 商品售出的價格,例如:商店以 120 元的售價出售一件商品。 | The price at which an item is sold, e.g., a shop sells an item for 120 dollars. |
126 | Marked price 定價 | 商品的標示價格,通常是未經折扣或減免的原價,例如:商品的定價為 150 元。 | The price tagged on an item, usually the original price without discounts or deductions, e.g., the marked price of an item is 150 dollars. |
127 | Profit 利潤 | 收入與成本之間的正差額,例如:售價為 150 元,成本為 100 元,利潤為 50 元。 | The positive difference between revenue and cost, e.g., if the selling price is 150 dollars and the cost is 100 dollars, the profit is 50 dollars. |
128 | Profit percentage/gain percentage 賺率 | 利潤相對於成本的百分比,例如:利潤為 50 元,成本為 100 元,賺率為 50%。 | The percentage of profit relative to the cost, e.g., if the profit is 50 dollars and the cost is 100 dollars, the profit percentage is 50%. |
129 | Loss percentage 賠率 | 損失相對於成本的百分比,例如:損失為 20 元,成本為 100 元,賠率為 20%。 | The percentage of loss relative to the cost, e.g., if the loss is 20 dollars and the cost is 100 dollars, the loss percentage is 20%. |
130 | Direction 方向 | 指定的路線或方向,例如:從北到南的方向。 | A specified course or orientation, e.g., the direction from north to south. |
131 | Speed 速度 | 每單位時間的移動距離,例如:車的速度為每小時 60 公里。 | The distance traveled per unit of time, e.g., a car’s speed is 60 kilometers per hour. |
132 | Distance 距離 | 兩點之間的直線或路徑長度,例如:家到學校的距離是 5 公里。 | The length of a straight line or path between two points, e.g., the distance from home to school is 5 kilometers. |
133 | Dimensions 空間的任何量度 | 描述物體的大小或範圍,例如:箱子的長度、寬度和高度是其空間量度。 | Any measurement of space, such as length, width, height, or depth of an object, e.g., the dimensions of a box are its length, width, and height. |
134 | Statistical chart 統計圖 | 用於表示數據的圖表,例如:條形圖或折線圖是一種統計圖表。 | A chart used to represent data, e.g., bar charts or line graphs are types of statistical charts. |
135 | Pie chart 圓形圖 | 用圓形表示比例的圖表,例如:50% 用半圓表示。 | A chart that uses a circle to represent proportions, e.g., 50% is shown as a semicircle. |
136 | Sector 扇形 | 圓的一部分由兩條半徑和弧圍成,例如:圓餅圖中的每一片餅都可以看作一個扇形。 | A part of a circle enclosed by two radii and an arc, e.g., each slice in a pie chart can be considered a sector. |
137 | Horizontal axis 橫軸 | 圖表中的水平線,用於表示數據的基礎,例如:時間通常顯示在橫軸上。 | The horizontal line in a chart used to represent a baseline, e.g., time is often shown on the horizontal axis. |
138 | Vertical axis 縱軸 | 圖表中的垂直線,用於表示變化或數據的測量值,例如:收入數據通常顯示在縱軸上。 | The vertical line in a chart used to represent changes or measured values, e.g., income data is often displayed on the vertical axis. |